Author John Esposito makes the important point that there is no monolithic quality in resurgent Islam, a fact which is demonstrated well by the doctrinal differences between Sunni and Shia Islam. The West applies an ethnocentric perspective of Islam and portrays the religion and culture through its own values. Moreover, the West exploits the image of terrorists and tries to label the entire Islamic community with the terrorist brush. Notwithstanding this Western ignorance, however, the fact remains that Islamic revivalism is an attempt by Muslims to stop the Westernization of their own societies; it is not a militant or aggressive movement seeking to threaten the Western world.