Schools claim that children are protected from abuse. Studies of stress symptoms resulting from corporal punishment in schools evidence short and long term psychological damage. Academically, corporal punishment has the distinct effect of reducing the self-esteem of a child. Socially, the child victim of corporal punishment experiences a multiplicity of effects. Spanking and other forms of corporal punishment of children may paradoxically cause an increase in antisocial behavior. The behavior problems associated with corporal are not confined to aggression and other anti-social behaviors by children.