This paper discusses that low productivity is not the sole factor causing low pay; there are many other factors.
This paper discusses the factors that effect low pay: Productivity, government intervention, trade unions, aim of workers, nature of industries, discrimination, age and experience, presence of monopsony, psychological and social factors. The theory of marginal revenue product (MRP) is also considered.
“Another reason that may account for low pay is sex discrimination. Some employers discriminate against women. Female workers are generally less efficient in occupations where physical strength and exertion are required like in the construction industries, the armed forces, the maritime industry. Therefore, their wage rate will tend to be lower than their male colleagues. Furthermore, female workers need higher level of welfare services and work place protection such as maternity leaves, medical care, night escort among others.”