During the early years of the U.S. government, revenue was generated primarily through fees and taxes on certain transactions. The crisis of the Civil War spurred Congress to pass a 3% income tax in 1862 as an emergency measure to assist in dealing with the national crisis (Tax Foundation, n.d.). The initial income tax was progressive, as the 3% rate was applicable to all income above $600. An inheritance tax (sometimes referred to as a death tax by advocates) was also established. In order to enforce the newly required taxing measures, the government created what is now known as the Internal Revenue Service. They were given general oversight to develop policies and procedures that would assist in the collection of taxes and fees.